Financial
technology, FinTech for short, describes transformation and evolution of
financial services and technology.
The term
can refer to start-ups, technology companies or even legacy service providers.
It is increasingly difficult to know where
technology ends and where financial services begin.
Who’s doing this and what does a typical FinTech company look like?
When people
think of FinTech, they often focus on startups, breaking into areas that banks
and other legacy financial institutions have dominated. But we must think of
all participants in a larger FinTech ecosystem:
Well-established financial
institutions such as Bank of America.
Big tech companies such as Apple,
Google, Facebook, and Twitter.
Disruptors: fast-moving companies,
often startups, focused on a particular innovative technology or process.
What’s a neobank?
We can
define neo-banks as an institution that provides some combination of checking
accounts, savings accounts and debit cards via digital channels—primarily
mobile—without any physical bank branches.
How else do neobanks differ from traditional banks?
Financial
analysts say neobanks stand out because of these features:
Low cost structure
Large ATM networks with no fees.
No overdraft fees because the
checking products are prepaid, reloadable debit cards.
A simple and engaging mobile
experience, unlike banking on a phone with a traditional bank.
Intuitive budgeting and
money-tracking tools.
Real-time balances.
What are the disadvantages of a neobank?
If you need bank branch access, a
neobank won’t be a good fit.
If you’re paid in cash, a neobank
isn’t likely your first choice, either. While there are options to deposit cash
via Green Dot sites, as mentioned above, sometimes the sites charge a fee.
Also, if you’re looking for a bank
that will grow with you as your needs evolve, a neobank might not be the best
choice. That is not to say neobanks themselves aren’t evolving, and this
criticism might not be true within a few years.
When you’re ready to buy a house,
your neobank might be in the mortgage business, or when you inherit some money
they might a wealth management product. However, they might not.
What is the future of neobanks?
Existing neobanks will likely expand
into new product lines and look to become chartered banking institutions.
Traditional banks will look likely
for ways to tap this market with new sub-brands like Wells Fargo’s Greenhouse
or Chase’s Finn.
And fintech players in other lines
will look to get into the deposit business.
The other
variable is the global landscape. Neobanks are known as “challenger banks” in
Europe, and several of them have their eyes set on the U.S. market but are
looking for more clarity on how they might navigate the American banking
system, which is fairly complex given the national chartering structure, the
state chartering structure and the laws surrounding delivering services without
branches.
As it stands now, many of those hurdles are enough to keep many on the other side of the Atlantic.